Pet Tips
Rabies in the HRM
Rabies was diagnosed in February 2003 in a domestic
cat in the HRM. This is the first case of rabies in a domestic
pet in Nova Scotia. Rabies is a virus that affects all warm-blooded
animals (including humans). It is transmitted via bite wounds
inflicted by rabies-infected animals. The virus is present in
their saliva. The source of rabies is generally the wildlife population.
In Nova Scotia, bats are the primary reservoir. Other animals
that are a source of the virus are raccoons, skunks and foxes.
The disease caused by rabies virus is generally
fatal in domestic pets. The virus affects tissue of the brain
and central nervous system. Similarly, it causes a highly fatal
central nervous system disease in people.
The clinical signs of rabies are variable depending
on what nerves are affected by the virus. Initial signs are behavioral
changes such as depression, restlessness, excessive barking in
dogs, irritability and aggression. Difficulties swallowing, excessive
salivation, seizures or paralysis may also be seen. Eventually,
animals usually become comatose or die from paralysis of the muscles
necessary for breathing.
The incubation period of a disease is defined as
the period between exposure (bite) and the onset of signs. This
period can be highly variable with rabies ranging from on 1 week
to several months. However, shedding of the virus in the saliva
usually occurs days to weeks prior to the onset on symptoms. Once
clinical signs are seen animals die within a week.
The prevention of rabies in domestic pets is a
serious public health concern, particularly with a confirmed case
in the province. While there has been concern regarding the risk
associated with vaccination - it is important to realize the potential
serious risks of not vaccinating.
Vaccination of all domestic animals and livestock
against rabies is strongly advisable. Currently it is recommended
that domestic pets be vaccinated as puppies and kittens after
12 weeks of age then one 1 year after that. Rabies vaccination
should then be repeated every 1-3 years depending on the product
used. All pet owners are encouraged to verify the rabies vaccination
status of their pets. All domestic pets should be current on their
rabies immunization both for animal as well as public health and
safety.
Domestic pets should not be allowed to have contact
with wildlife and people should not to approach any wildlife.
Any bite wounds should be washed with hot water and soap and medical
attention should be sought. If the animal that inflicted the bite
is suspect for rabies public health authorities should be contacted.
For more information on rabies contact your local
veterinarian or public health official.
Articles by Dr. Emma Raghavan
Appearing in the Halifax Daily News
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